Property management is always paid for by the owner. The costs of routine maintenance, minor repairs and operational services are paid as required on an ongoing basis. For more extensive repairs carried out once every few years, it is advisable to build up a financial reserve so that one-off costs do not exceed the owner's financial means.
A property owner can set aside funds for repairs, for example as an accounting provision or by allocating part of the profit for this purpose in their accounts. Legal entities may use the term “repair fund” in their accounts, even though this is not a fund in the legal sense under the law, but merely an internal designation for a financial reserve.
If a property is co-owned by several persons, the co-owners may, pursuant to § 1127 of the Civil Code (Act No. 89/2012 Coll.), agree to establish a joint fund or long-term advances for repairs and maintenance. These funds may be managed by one of the co-owners or by a contractually appointed building manager.
Where a property is divided into units under the Civil Code (§ 1158 et seq. of Act No. 89/2012 Coll.), an owners' association (SVJ) is established to manage the common parts of the building and land. Under § 1180(1), each unit owner is obliged to contribute to the management of the building and land in the proportion determined by the articles of association or a resolution of the owners' meeting.
Owner contributions collected by the owners' association (SVJ) for repairs, maintenance and operation of the building are accounted for as external sources pursuant to § 15(2) of the Flat Ownership Act (for older units) and § 1200 of the Civil Code (for new units). These funds are a liability of the owners' association towards the owners and must be accounted for and settled annually. From an accounting perspective, they are therefore not the owners' association's own income and are not subject to income tax within the meaning of § 18(2)(f) of Act No. 586/1992 Coll., on income taxes.
The term “repair fund” is commonly used by owners' associations (SVJ), even though it is not a fund in either the legal or accounting sense. It merely refers to the aggregate financial resources obtained from owner contributions, intended for repairs, refurbishments and maintenance of the common parts of the building. These funds are subsequently used to pay all necessary expenses connected with managing and preserving the value of the property.